[ti:US Names Switzerland, Vietnam Currency Manipulators] [by:www.51voa.com] [00:00.00]更多听力请访问51VOA.COM [00:00.04]The United States Treasury has officially [00:04.24]identified Switzerland and Vietnam as currency manipulators. [00:12.00]A country's attempt to manipulate the value of its currency [00:17.52]involves the central bank buying a lot if its own money. [00:23.16]This creates scarcity, which pushes the value of the money up. [00:29.84]The U.S. Treasury move may be one of the final strikes [00:35.56]against international trading partners [00:38.56]by the departing administration of U.S. President Donald Trump. [00:44.36]Officials said Switzerland and Vietnam [00:48.28]were named because both had intervened in currency markets [00:53.08]through June 2020 to prevent effective balance of payments adjustments. [01:01.20]A balance of payment is the difference between how much [01:05.24]a country pays to other nations and how much it gets paid by other nations. [01:12.28]In its currency manipulation report, [01:15.52]the Treasury said Vietnam had acted [01:18.92]to get "unfair competitive advantage [01:22.16]in international trade as well." [01:25.68]Foreign currency experts had expected the two countries [01:30.80]to be named in the report. [01:33.60]The actions come as the worldwide coronavirus pandemic [01:38.76]continues to slow international trade [01:42.40]and increases U.S. deficits with trading partners. [01:47.48]This angers Trump, who won office four years ago [01:52.04]partly on a promise to decrease the deficit. [01:55.96]To be named a manipulator, each country must have [02:00.64]a $20 billion or more trade surplus with the United States. [02:07.48]It also must have a currency intervention [02:11.40]that is greater than 2 percent of its gross domestic product (GDP) [02:16.64]and a worldwide account surplus [02:19.76]that is also greater than 2 percent of GDP. [02:24.64]The U.S. Treasury also added Thailand and India [02:29.44]to a watch list of countries it believes are taking measures [02:34.40]to devalue their currencies against the dollar. [02:38.48]The others on the list are China, Japan, Korea, [02:43.32]Germany, Italy, Singapore and Malaysia. [02:48.12]The U.S. Treasury report also said that India and Singapore [02:54.44]had intervened in the foreign currency markets in a "sustained" way. [03:00.68]The countries did not, however, meet other requirements [03:05.92]to be named as manipulators. [03:08.96]I'm Susan Shand. 更多听力请访问51VOA.COM